I think the central argument is that he presents reparations as a way to address the historical and contemporary injustices brought about by discriminatory laws, segregation, and other historical practices. Coates highlights how these injustices have gotten worse over time, hurting many African Americans and making socioeconomic inequality more enduring.

The keywords and phrases:

"Systematic racism": This highlights how racism is embedded in the policies and practices of institutions, creating systemic disadvantages for Black people.

Building upon form the text :

Coates argues that reparations are a necessary reaction to redress the harms caused by structural racism.  He lays out a thorough historical analysis of racial injustices and economic exploitation.

How does the interviewer responds?

The interviwer presents opposing viewpoints about Coates concepts to ensure a fair and impartial discourse in the most part of the video.